9-5. Depending on the situation’s complexity, commanders can initiate the Army design methodology before or in parallel with the MDMP. If the problem is hard to identify or the operation’s end state is unclear, commanders may initiate Army design methodology before engaging in detailed planning. Army design methodology can assist the commander and staff in understanding the operational environment, framing the problem, and considering an operational approach to solve or manage the problem. The understanding and products resulting from Army design methodology guide more detailed planning during the MDMP. When used in parallel, the commander may direct some staff members to conduct mission analysis while engaging others in Army design methodology activities prior to course of action development. Results of both mission analysis and Army design methodology inform commanders in development of their commander’s intent and planning guidance. In time-constrained conditions, or when the problem is not complex, commanders may conduct the MDMP without incorporating formal Army design methodology efforts. During execution, the commander can use Army design methodology to help refine understanding and visualization as well as assessing and adjusting the plan as required.