1-5. Army forces must be organized, trained, and equipped to meet worldwide challenges against a full range of threats. The experiences of the U.S. Army in Afghanistan and Iraq in the early 21st century are not representative of the most dangerous conflicts the Army could face in the future. While the Army conducted combat operations in both locations, for the most part it focused its efforts on counterinsurgency operations and stability tasks. Only a fraction of the forces committed in either theater were engaged in offensive and defensive tasks on any given day. While undoubtedly dangerous and lethal at times, these operations reflected the reality that the enemy operated from positions of disadvantage across all domains. The enemy lacked capabilities in the form of sustained long-range precision fires, integrated air defense systems, robust conventional ground maneuver, and electronic warfare. Seldom were friendly units larger than platoons ever at risk of destruction in ground combat. In the future, large-scale combat operations against a peer threat will be much more demanding in terms of operational tempo and lethality.