3-60. Army units may be required to participate in a mass atrocity response operation that includes military activities conducted to prevent or halt hostile activities, such as genocide, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. A mass atrocity response operation may be directed for the specific purpose of mitigating such activities, or it may occur within the context of other complex situations such as civil wars or insurgencies. Mass atrocity response operations efforts include offensive, defensive, and stability operations to protect vulnerable populations or neutralize perpetrators. (See JP 3-07.3 and ATP 3-07.6 for additional information on mass atrocity response operations.)