3-9. The foundations of Army doctrine are a set of basic ideas grounded in the American vision of war and warfare and guided by the Army Ethic, which in turn represents American moral and ethical values. Much of Army doctrine results from the Army Ethic. This professional ethos respects the inherent dignity and worth of all people and minimizes friendly casualties while avoiding harm to noncombatants. The American values (articulated in Army Values and the law of war) guide Army leaders in the conduct of operations. These ideas have guided Army doctrine almost from the inception of the 1905 FSR. Three foundational ideas that have remained part of Army capstone publications from the beginning are the need for combined arms operations, the need for mission command, and the need for adherence to the law of war. A fourth idea—Army operations take place within a context of joint, and now, unified actions partners—is a more recent but central addition of Army doctrine. While the terms in paragraphs 3-10 through 3-13 may not have been used explicitly, the ideas have consistently pervaded Army doctrine.