1-23. The commander’s intent provides a unifying idea that allows decentralized execution within an overarching framework. It provides guidance within which individuals may exercise initiative to accomplish the desired end state. Understanding the commander’s intent two echelons up further enhances unity of effort while providing the basis for decentralized decision making and execution throughout the depth of a formation. Subordinates who understand the commander’s intent are far more likely to exercise initiative effectively in unexpected situations. Under the mission command approach to command and control, subordinates have both responsibility and authority to fulfill the commander’s intent.