1-138. Understanding the relationship between an AO, area of influence, and area of interest assists commanders in developing their operational framework. It also requires physically, temporally, cognitively and virtually understanding operations in depth. The proper application of the operational framework enables simultaneous operations and converging of effects against an enemy. An area of influence is a geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander’s command or control (JP 3-0). Understanding an area of influence helps commanders and staffs plan branches to the current operation in which the force uses capabilities outside the AO. An AO should not be substantially larger than a unit’s area of influence. Ideally, an area of influence would encompass the entire AO. An AO that is too large for a unit to control can allow sanctuaries for enemy forces, creates friendly vulnerabilities and positions of advantage for the enemy to exploit and may limit joint flexibility. An area of interest is that area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory (JP 3-0). This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. An area of interest for stability tasks may be much larger than that area associated with the offense and defense. Cognitive and virtual aspects of an area of interest are often broader than physical aspects.