7-95. Forms of maneuver are distinct tactical combinations of fire and movement with a unique set of doctrinal characteristics that differ primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy (ADRP 3-90). The Army has six forms of maneuver: envelopment, flank attack, frontal attack, infiltration, penetration, and turning movement. Maneuver units accomplish their missions by synchronizing the contributions of all warfighting functions to execute these forms of maneuver. Commanders generally choose one form on which to build a course of action. A higher echelon commander rarely specifies the specific form of maneuver. However, that higher commander’s guidance and intent, along with the mission and any implied tasks, may impose constraints—such as time, security, and direction of attack—that narrow the forms of maneuver to one alternative. Additionally, the AO’s characteristics and the enemy’s dispositions also help commanders determine the form of maneuver. A single operation may contain several forms of maneuver, such as a frontal attack to clear an enemy’s disruption zone followed by a penetration to create a gap in enemy defenses. Then, the commander might use a flank attack to expand that gap and destroy the enemy’s first line of defense.